The Urinary System Test

 1.  Most of our nitrogen-containing waste products are a result of

2.  Which one of the following is not a function of the excretory system?

3.  In our bodies, the primary nitrogen-containing compound excreted by our kidneys is

4.  Which of the following are functions of the kidneys?

5.  Which of the following is the correct pathway for the removal of urine from the body?

6.  What structure has osmoreceptors that detect high salt concentrations in the blood?

7.  Which of the following describes the distal tubules?

8. The filtrate formed by the nephrons in the kidney is not urine. The filtrate is first refined and concentrated by the processes of __________, which form the urine that leaves the body.

9.  Which one of the following is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

10.  The cells of which of the following structures have receptor sites for aldosterone?

11.  The network of capillaries in a vertebrate kidney where water, urea, and salts are filtered out of the blood is the

12. Which of the following describes the proximal tube?

i.   It is the site of tubular reabsorption.
ii.  Its cells contain relatively large number of mitochondria.
iii. Glucose moves from the filtrate to the surrounding blood vessels.

13.  In the nephron, the highest concentration of salt is found surrounding

14.  Urine leaves the bladder through

15.  By which transport process are most molecules secreted from the blood into the distal tubule

16.  Which of the following situations would cause the release of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) into the bloodstream?

17.  Which is an accurate statement about the anatomy of the human excretory system?

18.  All of the following processes occur in the nephron of the kidney except

19.  If sodium ion reabsorption was inhibited, this could lead to an increase in the excretion of

20.  At a particular position along a nephron, the osmotic potential of the filtrate is 500 mosm/L while the surrounding kidney’s is 600 mosm/L. Which one of the following is a likely result?

21.  Secretion of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) from the ______ occurs in response to _____ and causes ______.

22.  Alcohol consumption increases urinary output because alcohol ______.

23.  Which of the following would cause the concentration of solutes in the urine to decrease over a 12-hour period?

24. What conditions are responsible for the stimulation of the JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus)?  

25.  In the diagram below, which arrow indicates the direction of a gradient of increasing solute concentration in the interstitial fluid surrounding a nephron?  Which two substances are responsible for the solute concentration gradient?

26.  Summarize the steps in urine formation using the table below.

27.  The drug Urizadole inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion from the pituitary gland.  How will this change glomerular filtration rate, urine flow (output), and urine concentration in patients taking this medication? 

28.  You have just eaten a large number of very salty potato chips, and the osmolarity of your blood has increased.  What response will your body have in order to bring your blood osmolarity back to homeostasis?